Trimitere Email - Laravel tutorial

Curs Php-mysql

- Definire continut email
- Exemplu trimitere Email
- Metodele queue() si later()

Laravel foloseste libraria "SwiftMailer" pentru trimitere email-uri, si clasa Mailable pt. definirea datelor de email.

Generare si scriere Mailables

In Laravel, datele de Email sunt construite in clase Mailables. Aceste clase sunt create in directorul app/Mail/ ( va fi generat cand creati prima clasa mailable).
- Ca sa creati automat o clasa mailable, folositi aceasta comanda in Command-Line-Interface: Clasa mailable contine o metoda build() in care se definesc configuratiile email-ului. In aceasta metoda puteti apela mai mute metode inlantuite, precum: from(), subject(), view(), attach().

public function build(){
  return $this->from('from_email@example.com', 'Some-Name')->subject('Mail Subject')->view('view_name');
}

Trimitere Mail

Pentru a trimite email, se foloseste aceasta sintaxa in aplicatia Laravel:

use App\Mail\MailableClass;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;

//...
Mail::to('to_mail@example.com')->send(new MailableClass($data));

Puteti adauga recipiente "to", "cc", si "bcc" intr-o singura apelare inlantuita:

Mail::to('to_mail@example.com')
 ->cc('other_mail@example.com')
 ->bcc('another_mail@example.com')
 ->send(new MailableClass($data));

Definire continut email

Pentru a crea mesajul din email, folositi metoda view() in metoda build() din clasa mailable:

public function build(){
  return $this->view('view_name');
}

- "view_name" e numele view-ului cu template-ul pentru continutul email-ului.
Tempate-ul pentru email se constuieste si se incarca la fel ca oricare fisier "view", puteti folosi tag-uri HTML, cod PHP, sintaxa Blade si date pentru continut transmise la apelarea fisierului.
Exemplu de template blade simplu pt. continutul unui email:

<h1>Hi, {{ $name }}</h1>
<p>This is email content, sent with Laravel.</p>

Pentru a trimite un email cu text-simplu, se foloseste metoda text() in build():

public function build(){
  return $this->text('view_name');
}

Transmitere Date la View

Sunt doua modalitati de a transmite date in variabile la view-ul pt. email:

- Prin Proprietati ale clasei

Orice proprietate "public" definita in clasa mailable va fi automat valabila in view. Astfel puteti transmite date la constructor-ul clasei si sa le adaugati in proprietati publice ale clasei:

class ClassName extends Mailable {
  public $data; //array with data for mail content ['name'=>'abc', ...]

  public function __construct($data){
    $this->data = $data;
  }

  public function build(){
    return $this->view('view_name');
  }
}

Dupa ce datele sunt retinute in proprietati publice, pot fi preluate direct in view, prin numele proprietatii:

<h1>Hi, {{ $data['name'] }}</h1>
<p>What appears and disappears does not really exist.</p>

- Prin metoda with()

Un alt mod de a trimite date variabile la view e prin folosirea metodei with() in build().
- Daca transmiteti date la constructor-ul clasei mailable; adaugati acele date in proprietati protected sau private, apoi folositi-le in metoda with():

class ClassName extends Mailable {
  protected $data; //array with data for mail content ['name'=>'abc', ...]

  public function __construct($data){
    $this->data = $data;
  }

  public function build(){
    return $this->view('view_name')->with(['name'=>$this->data['name']);
  }
}

Apoi, in view:

<h1>Hi, {{ $name }}</h1>
<p> What a peaceful happy day.</p>

Adaugare atasamente in email

Ca sa adaugati fisiere atasate la email, se foloseste metoda attach() in metoda build().

public function build(){
  return $this->view('view_name')->attach('/path/to/file');
}

Adaugare Imagine in email

Ca sa adaugati o imagine in continutul email-ului, puteti folosi metoda $message->embed() in template-ul pt. email. Laravel face automat o variabila $message valabila in template pt. email.

Email content. Here is an image:

<img src="{{ $message->embed($path_to_file) }}">

Exemplu trimitere Email

Exemplu trimitere email cu Laravel printr-un cont de Gmail.

1. Mai intai e necesar sa adaugati datele de autentificare la contul dv. de Gmail in parametri din fisierul .env din Laravel.

MAIL_DRIVER = smtp
MAIL_HOST = smtp.gmail.com
MAIL_PORT = 587
MAIL_USERNAME = gmail_username@gmail.com
MAIL_PASSWORD = gmail_password
MAIL_ENCRYPTION = tls

2. Dupa ce ati adaugat datele in fisierul .env, executi comanda urmatoare in Command-Line-Interface pt. a reseta cache-ul. 3. Acum, creati clasa mailable.
- Rulati urmatorul cod in Command-Line-Interface: - Apoi, porniti serverul php in Laravel ("php artisan serve"). 4. Copiati urmatorul cod in fisierul app/Mail/SendMail.php:

<?php
namespace App\Mail;

use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailable;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;

class SendMail extends Mailable {
  use Queueable, SerializesModels;

  protected $data =''; //data with ['etype'=>'email-type', 'name'=>'name-added-in-view']

  //Create a new message instance
  //Receives array
  public function __construct($data){
    $this->data = $data;
  }

  //Build email message
  //return $this
  public function build(){
    $data =['name'=>$this->data['name']]; //data to pass to view

    //builds email according to $email value
    if($this->data['etype'] =='text'){
      return $this->subject('Laravel Basic Text Mail')->text('mails.mail')->with($data);
    }
    else if($this->data['etype'] =='html'){
      //as html, with specified from-data
      return $this->from('from_mail@gmail.com', 'No-One')->subject('HTML Testing Mail')->view('mails.mail')->with($data);
    }
    else if($this->data['etype'] =='attachment'){
      //image address to be embed in mail template
      $data['img'] ='https://coursesweb.net/php-mysql/laravel/laravel.png';

      return $this->subject('Testing Mail with Attachment')->view('mails.mail')
       ->attach('https://coursesweb.net/blog/dwl/prayer_the_art_of_believing.pdf')
       ->with($data);
    }
  }
}

5. Creem un controler numit MailController, care sa afiseze o pagina pt. trimitere email.
- Copiati urmatorul cod si salvati-l in "app/Http/Controllers/MailController.php" (adaugati adresa dv. de email la metoda Mail::to() din sendEmail()).

<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Mail\SendMail;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;

class MailController extends Controller {

  //responds to GET /sendmail
  //return view
  public function index(){
    return view('mails.index');
  }

  //responds to POST /sendmail
  //return void|string
  public function sendEmail(Request $request){
    //if 'etype' field received, and its value is: text, html, or attachment
    if($request->has('etype') && in_array($request->etype, ['text', 'html', 'attachment'])){
      $data =['etype'=>$request->etype, 'name'=>'SomeOne'];
      Mail::to('to_mail@example.com')->send(new SendMail($data));

      return 'Email Sent. Check your inbox';
    }
    else return 'Not Valid Request';
  }
}

6. Creati un direct "mails" in directory resources/views/.
- In directorul resources/views/mails/ creati un fisier index.blade.php, si copiati in el urmatorul cod:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="{{app()->getLocale()}}">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Laravel E-Mail</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Send Emails</h1>
<form action='{{route("sendmail")}}' method='post' onsubmit='this["submit"].outerHTML="Sending the Email"'>
{{ csrf_field() }}
<strong>E-mail type:<strong> 
<select name='etype'>
 <option value='text'>As plain text</option>
 <option value='html'>As HTML</option>
 <option value='attachment'>With Attachment</option>
</select><br>
 <input type='submit' id='submit' value='Send' />
</form>
</body>
</html>

7. Acum creati template-ul pentru continutul din email.
- In directorul "resources/views/mails/" creati un fisier "mail.blade.php" cu acest continut:

<h1>Hi, {{ $name }}</h1>
<p>Sending Mail from Laravel.</p>

@isset($img)
<img src="{{ $message->embed($img) }}">
@endisset

8. Pt. Rutele de accesare in browser, adaugati aceste linii de cod in routes/web.php:

Route::get('/sendmail','MailController@index');
Route::name('sendmail')->post('/sendmail','MailController@sendEmail');

9. Accesati urmatoarea adresa in browser: - Va afisa continutul creat in "resources/views/mails/index.blade.php", o pagina ca in aceasta imagine:



10. Selectati tipul de email care vreti sa fie trimis, si apasati butonul "Send".
- Dupa ce email-ul e trimis, va afisa un mesaj ca acesta:

Metodele queue() si later()

Trimiterea de email-uri maresc timpul de raspuns a unui mesaj catre utilizator, de aceea puteti folosi metoda queue() in loc de send(), ca sa trimita email-ul in mod separat care sa nu intarzie raspunsul catre utilizator:

Amanare trimitere Email

Ca sa amanati trimiterea email-urilor, se foloseste metoda later().
Metoda later() primeste ca argument o instanta de tip DateTime care indica timpul cand sa trimita email-urile:

$when = Carbon\Carbon::now()->addMinutes(10); //to send after 10 minutes

Mail::to('to_mail@example.com')->later($when, new MailableClass($data));

Implementare ShouldQueue

Daca aveti mai multe clase mailable si vreti ca toate email-urile sa fie trimise fara a mari timpul de raspuns, puteti implementa ShouldQueue la definirea claselor.
Cu aceasta implementare, chiar daca aplicati metoda send(), email-ul va fi trimis ca si cum e aplicat queue():

use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;

class ClassName extends Mailable implements ShouldQueue {
  //
}

- Documentatie: Laravel - Mail

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